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Table 4 Intra-rater reliability of the ultrasound measurements (direct method) in the feasibility study for the STCP group (n = 15). Data were expressed as typical error and intra-class coefficients (ICC) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI) and mean differences ± standard deviation (SD)

From: An ultrasonographic analysis of the activation patterns of abdominal muscles in children with spastic type cerebral palsy and in typically developing individuals: a comparative study

Muscle & Stage

Typical Error 95% CI

ICC 95% CI

Mean diff ± SD

EO R

0.65 (0.06–0.24)

0.81 (0.66–0.96)

− 0.19 ± 0.04

EO Ac

0.59 (0.07–0.18)

0.88 (0.76–0.97)

−0.10 ± 0.04

IO R

0.60 (0.06–0.20)

0.82 (0.86–0.98)

0.10 ± 0.08

IO Ac

0.62 (0.08–0.24)

0.80 (0.65–0.95)

0.11 ± 0.05

TrA R

0.64 (0.05–0.20)

0.82 (0.68–0.98)

0.17 ± 0.07

TrA Ac

0.63 (0.06–0.22)

0.85 (0.70–0.94)

0.08 ± 0.06

RA R

0.60 (0.08–0.25)

0.86 (0.75–0.98)

−0.11 ± 0.06

RA Ac

0.62 (0.07–0.20)

0.88 (0.76–0.97)

−0.19 ± 0.03

  1. Key: EO R external oblique resting stage, EO Ac external oblique active stage, IO R internal oblique resting stage, IO Ac internal oblique active stage, TrA R transverse abdominis resting. TrA Ac transverse abdominis active stage, RA R rectus abdominis resting stage, RA Ac rectus abdominis active stage