Table 1 Clinical examination tests utilized at initial evaluation
From: Clinical examination factors that predict delayed recovery in individuals with concussion
System | Assessment Method | Abnormal Findings | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
Cognitive | Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) | Score < 26, mean score 26.6 (1996 McCrea) | McCrea M, Kelly J, Randolph C. Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC): Manual for Administration, Scoring and Interpretation. Waukesha, WI: CNS Inc.; 1996. |
Cervical | Active ROM Palpation of spinous processes and musculature | Pain Decreased ROM | Â |
Visual | King-Devick (KD) | Symptom provocation during test | Galetta KM, Barrett J, Allen M, et al. The King-Devick test as a determinant of head trauma and concussion in boxers and MMA fighters. Neurology. 2011;76 (17):1456–1462. doi:https://doiorg.publicaciones.saludcastillayleon.es/10.1212/WNL.0b013e31821184c9. |
Balance | Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) | Score > 19, normal scores 12.03 ± 7.34 | Guskiewicz KM. Postural stability assessment following concussion: One piece of the puzzle. Clin J of Sport Med. 2001;11 (3):182–189. |
Vestibular | Vestibular Oculomotor Screen (VOMS): (1) smooth pursuit, (2) horizontal and vertical saccades*, (3) near point of convergence (NPC) distance, (4) horizontal vestibular ocular reflex (VOR)*, and (5) visual motion sensitivity (VMS) *Performed for 10 s | Symptom provocation with any of the tests | Mucha A, Collins MW, Elbin RJ, et al. A Brief Vestibular/Ocular Motor Screening (VOMS) Assessment to Evaluate Concussions: Preliminary Findings. Am J Sports Med. 2014;42:2479–2486. |